Abstract
Why did the members of the Samarqand Observatory School stand closer to the science of kalām for
metaphysical principles in the fifteenth century and reserve more space to Mathematics in the description of the
nature? When we look at the works circulating among scientists and emerging terms in this period, we observe
some relative advancement in mathematical sciences used for quantitative certainty, also problematization of the
ontology of mathematical entities and of epistemological values of mathematical knowledge, and discussions on
the legitimacy of mathematical models on the nature. We examine the roots of these questions in Islamic tradition
of philosophical sciences and especially developments post-Marāgha Observatory School; and analyze the posed
ideas in relation to the concept of nafs al-amr (fact of the matter), which relies at the center of all research and
discussions.